What you should know about uterine fibroids

 Uterine fibroids are one of the most common gynaecological conditions affecting women of reproductive age. Despite how common they are, many women do not fully understand what fibroids are, why they develop, or how they can impact health. This post will break it all down for you in simple and relatable terms.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids also called leiomyomas or myomas are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. They are made of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size: from tiny seedlings to large masses that can distort the uterus.

How Common Are They?

Fibroids are incredibly common in African women and often appear between the ages of 30 and 50years. It is estimated that up to 70% of women will develop them at some point in their lives.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but several factors may increase a woman’s risk:

  • Hormones – Oestrogen and progesterone promote fibroid growth.
  • Genetics – Family history of fibroids increases risk.
  • Lifestyle factors – Diets high in red meat and low in green vegetables may play a role.
  • Early menstruation – Starting periods at a younger age may raise risk.

Common Symptoms

Some women have no symptoms at all, while others may experience one or more of the following:

  • Heavy menstrual bleeding
  • Painful periods (cramps)
  • Pelvic pressure or bloating
  • Frequent urination
  • Lower back pain
  • Difficulty getting pregnant (in some cases)

Diagnosis

Fibroids are often found during a routine pelvic exam or through imaging tests such as:

  • Ultrasound – Most common and non-invasive.
  • MRI – Gives detailed images for treatment planning.

Treatment Options

Not all fibroids require treatment. if they’re not causing symptoms, your doctor may recommend “watchful waiting.”
Treatment options include:

  1. Medication – To shrink fibroids or control heavy bleeding (e.g., hormonal therapy).
  2. Minimally Invasive Procedures – Uterine artery embolization or MRI-guided focused ultrasound.
  3. Surgery – Myomectomy (removing fibroids) or hysterectomy (removing the uterus).

Living with Fibroids

Fibroids can be frustrating, especially when they affect quality of life, but they are manageable.
Lifestyle tips include:

  1. Eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
  2. Maintaining a healthy weight.
  3. Regular check-ups with your gynaecologist.

When to Seek Medical Advice

See a doctor if you experience:

  • Persistent pelvic pain
  • Heavy or prolonged periods
  • Difficulty conceiving
  • Rapid increase in abdominal size
Final Thoughts
Fibroids may be common, but you don’t have to suffer in silence. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a huge difference. If you suspect you have fibroids, speak with your healthcare provider — your reproductive health matters.

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